Regulation of Private/Independent Adoption | ||
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Edward Thomas edward122t@aol.com
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Regulation of Private/Independent Adoption
Prospective adoptive parents may be concerned about the costs of adopting a child and their ability to meet those costs. Becoming a parent is rarely free of expenses—pregnancy and childbirth can be expensive and even more so without adequate insurance—and adoptive parents may be faced with initial costs that seem challenging.
A private,
independent, or direct-placement adoption is an adoption arranged
between a birth family and an adoptive family without using a public
agency. A placement arranged in this way between families in the United
States is referred to as a private/independent domestic adoption.
Attorney may assist in completing a private domestic adoption. Unlike
adoption of a child from foster care through a public agency, which
involves fairly minimal fees, in a private/independent adoption the
adoptive family is expected to pay many of the expenses.
Approximately 47
States, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern
Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico have laws that provide some regulation
of the fees and expenses that adoptive parents are expected to pay when
arranging a private placement or independent domestic adoption. Some of
the fees and expenses addressed in the statutes include expenses of the
birth mother during pregnancy and childbirth; placement costs, such as
agency fees; and legal and attorney expenses for adoptive and birth
parents.
In private placement
or independent adoptions, the adoptive parents may pay some of the birth
mother's expenses, particularly in the case of a pregnant woman
planning to place her infant for adoption. Approximately 45 States,
American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands specify in their
statutes the type of birth parent expenses a prospective adoptive family
is allowed to pay. The actual dollar amount is usually limited to
"reasonable and customary."
The types of expenses most commonly allowed by statute include:
- Maternity-related medical and hospital costs
- Temporary living expenses of the mother during pregnancy
- Counseling fees
- Attorney and legal fees and guardian ad litem fees
- Travel costs, meals, and lodging when necessary for court appearances or accessing services
- Foster care for the child, If necessary
Approximately seven
States explicitly prohibit adoptive parents from paying certain types of
expenses. Costs such as educational expenses, vehicles, vacations,
permanent housing, or any other payment for the monetary gain of the
birth parent often are excluded. In 16 States, the statutes do not
exclude specific types of expenses, but do indicate that any expense not
expressly permitted by law or considered by the court to be
unreasonable cannot be paid by the adoptive parents.
Approximately 18
States specify time limits for the payment of the birth mother's living
expenses or psychological counseling.The time limits set for these
payments range from 30 days up to 2 months after the child's birth or
placement. For example, Iowa allows postplacement counseling for 60 days
but limits payment of living expenses to 30 days. New York limits
payment of living expenses to 60 days prior to the child's birth and 30
days thereafter. Oklahoma allows payments for postplacement counseling
for up to 6 months but limits other expenses to 2 months beyond
placement of the child. In seven States, the payment of expenses may not
exceed a set dollar amount unless the court grants an exception.
The fees charged by
agencies as well as the extent to which they are regulated by State
authorities vary from State to State. In 34 States, the Northern Mariana
Islands, and Puerto Rico, the statutes simply authorize agencies to
collect fees that are reasonable or cover the actual cost of the
adoption services provided.12 Approximately 11 States and the District
of Columbia specify a dollar amount for agency fees or specific services
that agencies provide.13 Approximately 18 States provide for a
reduction or waiver of fees for adoptive families that meet specified
income criteria.14 Nevada waives fees when the family is adopting a
child with special needs.
The services agencies
typically provide include preplacement services such as preparation of
home studies of adoptive families, compiling social and medical
histories of birth families, birth family counseling, and postplacement
services. Sometimes agencies also will receive payment for birth parent
expenses and make appropriate disbursements. You are required you make a
first payment for court document preparation which should be minimum of
$2,500 Kindly fill in the attach form. And immediately the form is
filled i will provide you with Account information where you will be
remitting the Fee.
About Sarah's
condition, The Doctor confirm with me that a number of diseases and
conditions has cause the lungs to become so unhealthy that one or both
lungs need to be replaced with a transplant. These diseases and
conditions include:
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or emphysema: due to tobacco smoking, alpha-antitrypsin deficiency
(an inherited condition), or other causes
• Pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of the lung)
• Sarcoidosis
• Cystic fibrosis
• Bronchiectasis (chronic airway infection and damage)
• Primary pulmonary hypertension
• Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the lung (also known as eosinophilic granuloma or histiocytosis X)
• Congenital heart disease with Eisenmenger syndrome
Other rare conditions may also be considered for transplantation.
He
said, "Lung transplantation has the potential both to lengthen her life
expectancy and substantially improve quality of her life" He added, It
is impossible to predict how long she may
survive after transplantation. The most critical period for survival is
the first year after transplantation; this is the period when surgical
complications, rejection, and infection are the greatest threat to
survival. Patients who survive the first year are more likely to survive
3 years or longer after transplantation. There are patients alive today
who had lung transplantation 10 or even 15 years ago.
Kindly give me a call if there is anything you don't understand. 845-514-9648.
Best Regards
Edward Thomas
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